Hal meets some friends at a local sports bar. after drinking several beers, hal picks a fight with someone that he thinks is giving him "dirty" looks. normally very mellow and calm, the alcohol has interfered with hal’s judgment, causing him to lose control. which theory best explains hal’s behavior? a. dawson’s theory that people use alcohol as an excuse to act in ways they truly desireb. jackson’s theory that the nervous system is organized as a hierarchyc. anderson’s theory that our behavior is linked more to physiological cues than environmental cuesd. friedrich’s theory that the brain behaves differently when people are in groups versus isolation

b. Jackson's theory that the nervous system is organized as a hierarchy.

Explanation:

Hierarchical Re-representation Theory, created by J. Hughlings Jackson, says that each functional group of the Nervosi System (motricity, for example) would be organized vertically at rising levels of increasing complexity. Thus, levels immediately below a site of injury would assume, albeit imperfectly. This theory applies well to the situation shown in the question above, where a lower level of Hal's nervous system took over his behavior and made him an aggressive person.

this null effect is caused by a weak manipulation and ineffective internal validity. in a scientific study, as the one dr. morimoto is trying to perfom, internal validity refers to the confidence placed in the cause-effect relationship and to how well an experiment is done and able to eliminate confounding variables.        

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