Mr. harris explains to the students how they should work in pairs. first, he models what he would like them to do and then explains four different activities in a row. throughout his 30-minute explanation, he provides several examples. he prompts them to listen by saying, "settle down, pay attention . we have a lot to get through today." he becomes frustrated when his students fidget and lose attention. he could improve his instruction by:

a) providing scaffolding and further modeling.

b) limiting teacher talk and increasing opportunities for student response.

c) writing the instructions on the board as he talks.

d) prompting students to listen before each example.