Which philosophical underpinning in corrections is intended to cause vicarious learning whereby observers see that offenders are punished for a given crime and themselves are discouraged from committing a like-mannered crime due to fear of punishment?

Deterrence

Explanation:

Deterrence is the idea that threat of punishment will prevent people from committing a crime. Deterrence is a form of crime prevention. Deterrence works when observers seeing offenders being punished for their crimes are discouraged from commiting a similar crime due to fear of punishment.

In order for deterrence to be effective, the threat of punishment must be both credible and costly enough. Would-be criminals (and others observers) will calculate that breaking the law and risking punishment is costlier than respecting the law.

by using  production possibilities graph.  opportunity costs are key expenses in financial matters and are utilized as a part of registering money saving advantage investigation of a venture. such expenses, be that as it may, are not recorded in the record books but rather are perceived in basic leadership by processing the money costs and their subsequent benefit or misfortune.

first of all, it's important to say that the book we shall not be moved, written by joan dash, is about the first strike of women in the united states in the year 1909. the best historical detail to clarify the reader's undertanding is the phrase "general strike". this strike involved women working at a garment factory who decided to protest   long working hours, low wages and brutal conditions. this strike became known as "the new york shirtwaist strike" or "the uprising of the 20,000". the strike mostly involved jewish women who did not speak english or who had a basic knowledge of the english language. finally, the strike went on from november 1909 until february 1910.