Smith was an employee of nyc inc. with a history of alcohol and drug abuse. though he successfully completed rehabilitation, he frequently fell ill which caused him to be absent from work. the owner of the factory assumed that smith had slipped back into drug and alcohol abuse and insisted that smith undergo random testing each week. smith filed a lawsuit in court alleging that the company’s decision was discriminatory and violated the ada. the court held that:

Awaiver of the requirement for documentation of informed consent may be granted when: the investigator has no convenient place to store signed consent forms separate from the research datathe only record linking the subject and the research is the consent document and the principal risk is a breach of confidentiality.potential subjects might find some of the research questions embarrassing, personal, or intrusivethe subjects are literate in their own language; however, they do not read, write, or speak english

Humans are the only animals capable of communication

What is the role of communication within groups of people with different backgrounds?