If tiny college has some departments that are classified as "research only" and do not offer courses, the course entity of the college database would be the department entity.

Optional.

Explanation:

Since the Tiny college is having departments in the college that are classified as research only and these departments are not offering any courses.So the COURSE entity is optional to the DEPARTMENT because these departments are not offering any courses so there will no need to include COURSE entity to the database if included it will be having a NULL .

i only have part a but here is the first one: - lewis and clark are born

- lewis marries sacajawea and clark is jealous  

- clark drowns lewis and then goes to jail