Replication, transcription, and translation a) all refer to the synthesis of macromolecules. b) refer to rna synthesis, dna synthesis, and protein synthesis, respectively. c) require the synthesis of polysaccharides. d) would be expected to be exergonic reactions. e) all use nucleotides as building blocks.

the earth’s crust is broken into separate pieces called tectonic plates (fig. 7.14). recall that the crust is the solid, rocky, outer shell of the planet. it is composed of two distinctly different types of material: the less-dense continental crust and the more-dense oceanic crust. both types of crust rest atop solid, upper mantle material. the upper mantle, in turn, floats on a denser layer of lower mantle that is much like thick molten tar.

each tectonic plate is free-floating and can move independently. earthquakes and volcanoes are the direct result of the movement of tectonic plates at fault lines. the term fault is used to describe the boundary between tectonic plates. most of the earthquakes and volcanoes around the pacific ocean basin—a pattern known as the “ring of fire”—are due to the movement of tectonic plates in this region. other observable results of short-term plate movement include the gradual widening of the great rift lakes in eastern africa and the rising of the himalayan mountain range. the motion of plates can be described in four general patterns:

collision: when two continental plates are shoved together

subduction: when one plate plunges beneath another (fig. 7.15)

spreading: when two plates are pushed apart (fig. 7.15)

transform faulting: when two plates slide past each other (fig. 7.15)

answer; the sound of a train whistle makes a woman think of an old friend; //

the smell of grass makes a by feel that spring is the best; (apex);

stable food supply,social structure, government,religion,culture/art,technology and writing/language;

answer; independent variable;