To obtain objective information, researchers sometimes must deceive their subjects. ethically, research involving deception must always
a. pay participants
b. deceive participants
c. maintain subject anonymity
d. use double-blind control
e. explain the deception to the subjects afterwards

e. explain the deception to the subjects afterwards

Explanation:

According to my research on different experimental methods, I can say that based on the information provided within the question ethically, research involving deception must always explain the deception to the subjects afterwards. After the data is collected they need to explain and obtain their informed consent to use the information, otherwise it is unethical and possibly illegal.

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the historians cited in the article all agree with one another about the cause of the civil war. despite coming from different backgrounds and cultures, the historians agree that slavery was the root cause of the civil war. the fact that all these historiansgenerally agree with one another makes their shared viewpoints more reliable and valid, especially because the historians have different backgrounds and all work for the well-respected institutions of howard university, clemson university, and the university of colorado.