Black codes
a. stipulated clearly the new freedoms and liberties of freedmen.
b. introduced segregation of public facilities to southern jurisdictions.
c. were guidebooks that african americans navigate the challenges of liberty.
d. confined black freedoms with laws that singled out blacks for unequal treatment.

d. Confined black freedoms with laws that singled out blacks for unequal treatment.

Explanation:

Black Codes were laws passed by the Southern states in United States in 1865 and 1866 after American Civil War so to restrict the African Americans' freedom, and also to compel them to work in the labor economy which were based on the low wages or the debt.

Black Codes were the part of the larger pattern of the Southern whites which were trying to maintain the political dominance and suppress freedmen who were the African-American slaves. The codes denied equal political rights which include right to public education, right to the equal treatment under law and right to vote.

Thus, the codes further confined the freedom of the African-Americans and gave them unequal treatments.

answer; a cost benefit analysis;