The hipaa "minimum necessary" standard applies: to all human subjects research that uses phi without an authorization from the data subject. to all human subjects research that uses phi. to all human subjects research. to all research where the data crosses state lines.

the technology changed agriculture in an impacting manner since many people left the field work by a cellular or other technological appliances

permafrost layer, it exists beneath a layer of soil, rock or sediment.

semi-desert lowlands, hope this !

answer; people have no objective standard by which to judge themselves;