Individual codes of conduct based on one's value structures regarding how one should live, how one should act, what one should do, and what kind of a person should one be is sometimes referred to as

Morality

Explanation:

According to my research on studies conducted by various psychologists, I can say that based on the information provided within the question this is sometimes referred to as Morality. Like defined in the question, this is in other words the personal rules that we live by which help us act according to what we believe is right and what is wrong.

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permafrost layer, it exists beneath a layer of soil, rock or sediment.