Doing more with less in terms of resources invested in business, and, where possible, controlling the resources without owning them refers to:

Bootstrapping

Explanation:

Bootstrapping is referred to as a term that in generally used in business and management in order to refer to technique or process of only utilizing existing services and resources, such as savings mostly personal,computing equipment which also tend to be personal, and space, that is required to start and grow an organization.

answer; i believe the correct answer is (4) flip a coin as each participant arrives,heads indicates assignment to the first group: tails indicates assignment to the second group;