Politics can be defined as
a. conflicts over the character, membership, and policies of government.
b. the informal, private organizations through which a land and its people are ruled.
c. a hierarchically structured organization that is designed to distribute labor among several different groups of people.
d. a line-and-staff organization that is designed to facilitate control over complex social arrangements.

A. conflicts over the character, membership, and policies of government.

Explanation:

Politics -

It is the set of activities  that is associated with the governance of the country or a particular area . Politics involves the process of decision making applicable to a group of member .

It refers to exercising and achieving positions of governance - It organizes the control over the human community of  a particular state .

Hence according to the question , the correct definition of Politics is ( A ) .

the united states has a federal government. the president is the head of the federal government of the united states. however, each state forms its government for administration purposes. the powers of the state governments are exercised within restricted state boundaries. and citizens participate in this government by voting.

new communications technology has affected the way social movements are organized because nowadays, social movements rely on social networks and the media to get different people with a similar way of thinking in contact, and thus, get them to mobilize for a greater cause.

individuals only participate in collective action when they feel identified with it. is in this aspect that social media becomes relevant, because it guarantees communication among all individuals and organizes the social actions that are going to be carried out, i.e., the social movements.

in addition, being covered by the media is important to validate the message and make it relevant in the social agenda, as well as to reach more people who can share interests, appealing to public sympathy for their cause.

in conclusion, it is by social networks and social media that social movement is given birth; by connecting different individuals with similar ideas and organizing them to mobilize for a greater cause.