The author suggests that, according to virtue ethics, the primary reason people think they ought to take certain actions and avoid others is more fundamental than merely respecting rules or producing the best consequences. rather, that reason is to avoid disapproval and punishment. to gain as many advantages for oneself as possible. because they are merely acting on instinct.

According to the federal regulations, which of the following studies meets the definition of research with human subjects? a study of twenty 4th grade classrooms in which researchers ask the schools to systematically vary the time of day reading is taught, and collect weekly assessments of reading comprehension for each child over a three-month period.the collection of data, by a playground designer hired by the superintendent of schools, about the physical dimensions of school playgrounds, presence of fencing, and the kinds of equipment currently provided.a feasibility study for implementing a year-round school program, focusing on economic issues such a facilities utilization and transportation costs.an analysis of aggregate data comparing statewide high school graduation rates provided by the state department of public instruction, using county tax information.