Aresearcher is studying police interactions with citizens, and is interested in how individuals rate their experiences with police officers in relation to their perceived "fairness" of the interaction. before the researcher conducts their study, they first develop a more precise notion of what they mean by "fairness." this process is known

conceptualization

Explanation:

Fairness is a subjective term. This means that the word fairness means something different to different people.

Here, the researcher is trying to understand how the individuals rate their experiences with police officers in relation to their perceived "fairness". In the statement can be seen that the fairness is perceived which is subjective. So, in order to remove the subjectivity the researcher has to set parameters in order to properly define fairness. In order to do so the reasercher has to conceptualize the meaning of fairness according to which he/she will carry on the research.

facts: the 14th amendment

the 14th amendment addresses citizenship rights and equal protection of the laws.

the 14th amendment was intended to protect the rights of former slaves after the american civil war.

the 14th amendment was approved by congress in june of 1866 and ratified by the states on july 9, 1868.

the 14th amendment establishes that all persons born in the united states are citizens and are guaranteed all the rights of citizenship.

the 14th amendment establishes that the law protects all citizens equally.

in this case the passage of the 14th amendment   that was violated was the last part in which it states that there is equal protection of the law.

answer; overt behavior;