You have probably seen pictures of the diverse communities flourishing in the dark depths around hydrothermal vents on the ocean floor. scientists were at first surprised to find that the vents support such thriving ecosystems, because in such an environment, you wouldn't think there could be very many:

c. Producers.

Explanation:

A hydrothermal source is a crack in the earth through which water flows, was heated under the surface by magma. Heat causes water to flow precipitously to the surface. If the crack is on the earth, it is called Geyser, and if it is underwater, it is called fumarole.

Producers are those organisms that synthesize organic matter from inorganic matter, in marine ecosystems marine plants are the primary producers.

For producers to acquire energy, sunlight is necessary, so it was considered impossible for producers to exist in deep waters in the oceans. However, around the fumaroles ecosystems have been found that subsist only with minerals that come from the expelled water, such as sulfur.

I hope this information can help you.

the answer is the petition of right.

explanation:

offer to of right, real demand of attesting a benefit against the english crown, the most remarkable point of reference being the petition of right of 1628, which parliament sent to charles i fussing of a movement of oversteps of law. the term also implied the framework (invalidated in 1947) by which a subject could sue the crown.   taking a gander at the frameworks used by maria amidu to make a standard in 2015 commending the 1628 petition of right, which was sent to charles i by the english parliament. at uniquely based law the crown, or the sovereign in his official cutoff, couldn't be sued in the ruler's courts. since the ruler was, really, the superior ace of those courts, coordinating value in them between his subjects, he was not subject to their ward. therefore it transformed into a preparation, at whatever point a subject's certified or individual property had come into the responsibility for ruler or his specialists without legitimate perfect, for the subject to engage the master in chamber for its recovery.