Domestic demand, domestic rivalry, and factor endowments are factors in theory of why nations achieve success in particular industries.

International trade theory

Explanation:

International Trade Theory has emerged to understand and explain the mechanisms that lead nations to specialize and market goods and services. To this end, the theory explains the concepts of domestic demand, international rivalry, and the endowment of factors of production (capital, labor, and natural resources) that each country has to suggest that all countries can benefit through international trade if each country specialize in where it has a comparative production advantage.

Comparative advantage is an economic concept that aims to explain differences in production and trade between two different countries or nations, based on the same product. The idea is to analyze which stakeholder has the lowest opportunity cost of the same good. Opportunity is a concept associated with productive efficiency, which aims to measure how much a country fails to earn in other activities when deciding a given good. Thus, the country with the lowest opportunity cost will have higher productive efficiency and consequently will have the comparative advantage in the production of the good. Thus, this country will specialize in the production of this good and other countries will produce other goods for which their respective opportunity costs are lower. Then countries trade products in international trade and everyone wins.

a: social security and social programs

even though you have attached neither the chart nor the generalizations, i have located them online. the right answer is d, since they are asking you about a generalization. you can only infer from the chart that between 2008 and 2009 the number of employed workers decreased significantly (from over 115 millions to 107 millions approximately), which signals some type of economic crisis.