Suppose that cigarette smokers create a negative externality. further suppose that the government imposes a tax on cigarettes equal to the per-unit externality. what is the relationship between the after-tax equilibrium quantity and the socially optimal quantity of cigarettes?

Situation #1: imagine that you are a free black male living in columbus, oh in 1863. you have seen the recruiting poster and have been thinking a lot about whether or not to enlist in the union army. write a one-page letter (double spaced) to your mother telling her of the decision you have made about enlisting (or not enlisting). be sure to explain the reasons that caused you to make the decision.