High school students signed up to be subjects in a psychology experiment. when they arrive, they are told that interviews are running late, and they are taken to a waiting room. the experimenters have placed a sign in the waiting room next to a button that says, "do not push under any circumstances." some subjects are alone in the room and others are in pairs; these are the treatments being compared. will the subject push the button? the students agreed to take part in an unspecified experiment, and the true nature of the experiment is explained to them afterward. does this meet the requirement of informed consent? explain.

Voters commonly condemn politicians for being insincere, but politicians often must disguise their true feelings when they make public statements. if they expressed their honest views—about, say, their party's policies—then achieving politically necessary compromises would be much more difficult. clearly, the very insincerity that people decry shows that our government is functioning well. which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines this reasoning? (a) achieving political compromises is not all that is necessary for the proper functioning of a government. (b) some political compromises are not in the best long-term interest of the government. (c) voters often judge politicians by criteria other than the sincerity with which they express their views. (d) a political party's policies could turn out to be detrimental to the functioning of a government. (e) some of the public statements made by politicians about their party's policies could in fact be sincere.