Morality refers to the study of various cultures’ moral beliefs and practices and ethics refers to the philosophical task of discerning which moral principles are rationally defensible.

Descriptive and normative.

Explanation:

Descriptive morality refers to the study of various cultures’ moral beliefs and practices and normative ethics refers to the philosophical task of discerning which moral principles are rationally defensible.

the old way of life was represented by superstition, an angry god, and absolute submission to authority. the thinkers of the age of reason ushered in a new way of thinking. this new way championed the accomplishments of humankind. individuals did not have to accept despair. science and reason could bring happiness and progress. kings did not rule by divine right. they had an obligation to their subjects. europeans pondered the implications for nearly a century. americans put them into practice first.

manifest functions are the recognized and intended consequences of any social pattern, while latent functions are those unrecognized and unintended consequences. to analyze the manifest functions of any social institution, we have to study its contribution to the continuation of a group, community, or society.