Anders has just received devastating news about the coffee shop he owns: a nationally known competitor is moving in on the same block. anders has many debts to pay and his wife is expecting their fourth child. when he hears this latest bad news, his heart rate quickens and he feels faint, like he is in shock. according to hans selye, anders is in:

Not all members of the radio audience of orson welles' war of the worlds broadcast panicked immediately. indeed, some didn't panic until they looked out of the window and saw empty streets; others didn't panic until they saw streets full of traffic. it was after checking out the situation that these citizens decided that the martians had indeed invaded earth. this example illustrates that contagion can result when people look to others for the interpretation of ambiguous situations . can result when cultural norms reinforce people's most likely responses. occurs primarily because humans are by nature irrational creatures. is especially likely when people are motivated to make independent decisions.