Early studies showed that decisions made in groups were riskier than decisions made on one's own. later research, however, showed that group decisions are not always riskier than individual decisions but do tend to be more extreme. this phenomenon is captured by the concept of

Currently, as of february 2016, an american traveling in france would be by the exchange rate. the weakness of the euro and the strength of the us dollar means that items in france cost less to an american than they otherwise would. of course, if this trend reverses and the us dollar weakens and the euro strengthens, such as was happening in early 2008, an american traveling in france would have an adverse experience because items would cost relatively more.