What does neuwirth argue that the people in these communities need?

Informal communities need the guarantee that they will not be evicted from that space and have access to the policy.

Explanation:

In his book "Shadow Cities", Robert Neuwirth explains how, in the future, communities generated in an improvised manner, in spaces that are not legally considered urbanization, will be the most viable alternative, due to the high costs of private property, high unemployment rate, among others.

He argues that for these communities to be sustainable over time, it is necessary to guarantee that these people will not be evicted from this space, not necessarily with the current concept of private property since many times it has already been inaccessible for that sector of the population . They also need access to the policy, so that they can actively intervene in the improvement of their community, possibility to have access to resources, among others.

marginal cost is a microeconomic measure that us to evaluate the extent to which the level of production of a good is sustainable in accounting, that is, to how many quantities the company plans to profit from the production of the good.

the concept of marginal cost is simple, it means the cost of producing one more item. for example, in the case of pies, the marginal cost is the cost of producing one more pie than those that have already been produced.

it is important to understand that productive activity influences marginal cost. the marginal cost of some goods can be very high, while others may be insignificant. for example, the marginal cost of producing an extra plane is very high. already the marginal cost of a water company to provide 1l more water is derisory.

in the case of pies, the cost involves the inputs, the labor and the fixed cost, which involves the fixed space of the bakery. the level of production initially has the marginal cost decreasing because there is space and manpower available. however, to produce more you have to hire more workers and buy more inputs. if physical space is limited, workers will conflict with places, inputs and their productivity will decrease, meaning there is an optimum point of production for each level of space and manpower. from this point on, the productivity of the workers will be getting smaller because of lack of space, so that the marginal cost of producing one more pie will be increasing. so, although you have not posted the chart, but if you have the answer, you can see that my explanation goes according to the marginal cost curve that will increase from the 4th pie, answer (c).

1. artillery

2. jose san martin

3.their economies remained dependent on outside powers.

4. drafted new economies

5. democracies have replaced dictatorships