History, maturation, and instrumentation are especially threatening to studies when a. there are big individual differences between participants b. order effects also exist c. environmental variables are minima

i disagree that there is little difference between adult female development and adult male development. sociological studies comparing female and male pathways to adulthood, revelead that there are sustancial differences between them. particularly, female and male differ from timing of marriage, when they began to live with children and the likelihood of combining wife/husband and parent roles.

this is called police cynicism. i hope this .

answer; ha,ha,ha, corn on the cop;