Counterconditioning techniques were derived from principles first developed by

a) ivan pavlov.
b) carl rogers.
c) b. f. skinner.
d) sigmund freud.

The answer is: A. Ivan Pavlov

Pavlov was the researcher who first popularized the classical conditioning  (where a certain conditioned response is created by associating a certain situation with a conditioned stimulus)

Counterconditioning was developed in order to reverse or reduce the effete of classical conditioning (usually carried out by enforcing positive reinforcement to the subjects)

by using  production possibilities graph.  opportunity costs are key expenses in financial matters and are utilized as a part of registering money saving advantage investigation of a venture. such expenses, be that as it may, are not recorded in the record books but rather are perceived in basic leadership by processing the money costs and their subsequent benefit or misfortune.

the correct answer is d