How much executive privilege should there be? the bush administration pushed to shield certain information from the public. their reasoning was that, to make effective policy, policymakers must be able to have candid conversations with advisers that are not shared with the public. how much should the president and the executive branch be able to use executive privilege? what are the downsides to not releasing information? what would our founders (who met in private but also did not trust any branch with too much power) say about this?

The defendant, angered because a rival gang member had twice beaten him up after school, obtained a heavy lead pipe and waited in a deserted alleyway which he knew the rival took as a route home every day after school. when his enemy came walking down the alley, the defendant leapt out behind him and smashed the pipe into the victim's head, knocking him to the ground. the defendant then rolled the victim over and pounded his face with 15 to 20 heavy blows with the lead pipe, killing him. the jurisdiction defines first degree murder as murder committed with premeditation and deliberation. all other murders are defined as second degree murders. why will the defendant be convicted of first degree murder (as opposed to second degree murder)?