Psychologist david mcclelland states that leaders who do not use and ; leaders arouse in followers. envy and spite; skill intimidation and force; confidence ability and drive; hope prestige and position; desire none of these

the answer is:  Intimidation ; force ; confidence

Leaders that do not rely on intimidation and force tend to be seen as capable and trustworthy by their followers, while those who do tend to be seen as spoiled and incompetent.

Because of this, leaders who do not rely on intimidation tend to give more encouragement for the followers to willingly improve themselves in order to fulfill their roles in the group.  This usually create a high level of confidence among the followers.

answer; generalizability;

answer; thin-slice judgments;