1. both the church in medieval europe and buddhism in tang china: a. were organized around a hierarchy that exercised strong centralized authority on spiritual matters b. gained temporal wealth and influence through ownership and control of land c. paid taxes to the state and provided it manpower resources d. a and b e. b and c

D.  Both the Church in medieval Europe and Buddhism in Tang China were organized around a hierarchy that exercised strong centralized authority on spiritual matters AND gained temporal wealth and influence through ownership and control of land.

every society, in order to meet the needs of it's people, has to answer three basic questions:

- what should we produce?

- how should we produce it?

- for whom should we produce it?

this questions must be answered in order to, option b, aid in production decisions.

every country can't produce everything, no matter how rich their land is. it may be a matter of technology, resources or geographical conditions. so, these three questions must be resolved in order to get the most of the production of each land.

hope this !