These were a series of late-19th century conflicts between the british empire and afrikaners in south africa.

The First and Second Boer wars were  a series of Conflicts  between the Bristish Empire and the Afrikaners in South Africa. The prinicpal biligerants during on the Bristih End included The British Colonial Marines, as well as auxiliary forces from India, Austialia, Canada and New Zealand. On the Afrikaner side it was The South African Republic and the Free Orange States. The Outcome of the wars was a British victory with the signing of the Treaty of Vereeniging.

permafrost layer, it exists beneath a layer of soil, rock or sediment.

money is the anwser i think