1.increases in overall human population in the united states have historically resulted in which of the following? (2 points)

i. increases in air, water, and noise pollution
ii. increases in mortality from infectious diseases
iii. increases in species biodiversity in developed land

ii only

iii only

i and ii only

ii and iii only

i, ii, and iii
2.which of the following would be an effective component in a strategy to create an environmentally sustainable society? (2 points)

relaxing pollution regulations

decreasing fossil fuel use

promoting high birth rates

importing food staples from other countries

switching from paper shopping bags to plastic
3.which of the following activities would be an indirect source of pollution? (2 points)

taking a taxi from one part of a city to another part

pouring used cooking oil down the kitchen sink’s drain

building a bonfire to burn dead leaves and other yard waste

tossing an uneaten cheeseburger into a bush on the edge of a forest

placing an online order for a cd that will be shipped to you from another state

4.which of the following national policies for a relatively poor nation would be most environmentally sustainable? (2 points)

providing tax breaks for large families

offering financial incentives for limiting family size

subsidies for farmers converting from food crops to cash crops

suspending laws on the hunting of endangered species for food

setting prices for imported goods lower than prices for domestic goods

5.graph showing human population changes over time. years are plotted on the x-axis. yearly population changes are plotted on the y-axis. the line on the graph begins at approximately zero percent yearly change. the line falls slightly into negative yearly change at point a, then rises slowly but steadily into positive yearly change through points b and c. the line then falls sharply into negative yearly change at point d. between points d and e the line first rises then falls. the line begins to rise dramatically starting around point e.
which letter on the graph represents the start of the industrial revolution? (2 points)

a

b

c

d

e
6.which type of society generally has the greatest overall environmental impact? (2 points)

agrarian

agricultural

industrial

nomadic

pastoral
7.the bubonic plague devastated populations throughout much of europe in the middle ages. which aspect of society during this time period likely contributed to the epidemic? (2 points)

increasing personal wealth

heavy reliance on fossil fuels

reliance on only a few food crops

relatively high population density

increasing dependence on human labor
8.graph showing human population changes over time. years are plotted on the x-axis. yearly population changes are plotted on the y-axis. the line on the graph begins at approximately zero percent yearly change. the line falls slightly into negative yearly change at point a, then rises slowly but steadily into positive yearly change through points b and c. the line then falls sharply into negative yearly change at point d. between points d and e the line first rises then falls. the line begins to rise dramatically starting around point e.
which letter on the graph best represents the population growth of an industrial society? (2 points)

a

b

c

d

e
9.in which of the following scenarios has a water system most likely been contaminated by point source pollution? (2 points)

water from melting ice and snow carries sediment into a mountain stream, increasing the stream’s turbidity.

road salt is washed into a city’s sewage system, where it gradually flows by various pipes into a nearby bay.

acid deposition from a series of storms lowers the ph of a lake from 6.0 to 5.5.

a power plant releases heated water from a cooling tower into a river, increasing the river’s temperature by several degrees.

farmers spray their fields with chemical pesticides, which seep through the soil and into the groundwater supply.
10.which statement best describes a primary cause of what garrett hardin called the "tragedy of the commons"? (2 points)

governments around the world are imposing more restrictions on the freedoms of their citizens.

an increasing human population puts increasing levels of stress on land and natural resources.

in modern societies, many people are waiting longer to have children or choosing not to have children at all.

faced with threats to the environment, some people willingly sacrifice individual rights for the benefit of society.

depleted fossil fuels and other nonrenewable energy resources have forced humans to investigate alternative energy sources.