If fiscal policies are intended to increase output, they are known as
a. mandatory spending.
b. expansionary policies.
c. contractionary policies.
d. discretionary spending.

I chose contradictory policies this refers to expanding withdrawals from the economy through lowering government costs, allocation of payments, or increasing taxes to decrease aggregate demand to reduce output and the economy.  This will decrease money supply as well as spending.

in 342 bc j._c. egypt fell into the hands of the persians, under the reign of nectanebo ii

greek city-states unite in a revolt against the persian empire at the beginning of the fifth century bc. j.-c  

from the year 660 or 659 bc ad, cyrus preached the revolt against the medes to deliver the persians.