Jasmine's 3-year-old niece elise is fascinated with her grandmother's outdoor chasing led christmas lights and tries to chase them around the house. elise believes the lights are actually moving, and she is trying to catch them. elise is experiencing:

I believe the answer is: apparent motion

apparent motion is an illusion that make us perceive an object to be moving while it's actually not. This could be seen when changing colours like what displayed in Christmas lights or when we pass a tree when driving a car and make it seems as the trees move in the opposite direction as ours.

an informal structure in a bureaucracy would be something like so-called "office politics". where there's a formal structure set up for the organization, but then an informal subculture as well that has a way of organizing the bureaucracy further. this can be positive because it sets up an added degree of organization, albeit informal, within the bureaucracy.