Involves identifying, describing, and interpreting subject matter in art. attribution calligraphy stylization iconography reviewing

I believe the answer is: iconography

Iconography is considered to be a branch of history. The image that painted from a society often represent the social situations or culture that were popular by the time it's made. Which mean by studying such images, historians could obtain valuable information regarding social events or how people at that time think.

countries such as spain, france and portugal colonized the region. although most of latin america was colonized by spain, the countries of portugal and france also had major influences on the region. due to war and disease, native populations were decimated.