When you close your eyes and raise your hand above your head, you know where your hand is because of: ?

I believe the answer is: proprioreceptors.

Refers to a general sense to identify the relative position of your body part, even without actually seeing it. This ability derives from the kinethic sense that developed in our brain after it successfully integrate all the information from  the vestibular system into our overall sense of body position,

i disagree that there is little difference between adult female development and adult male development. sociological studies comparing female and male pathways to adulthood, revelead that there are sustancial differences between them. particularly, female and male differ from timing of marriage, when they began to live with children and the likelihood of combining wife/husband and parent roles.