Acourt order that protects people from arbitrary imprisonment by requiring officials of the government to bring them before a court and state the reasons for detaining them is called a(n)

A court order that protects people from arbitrary imprisonment by requiring officials of the government to bring them before a court and state the reasons for detaining them is called a "writ of habeas corpus".

Writ of habeas corpus (which actually intends to "create the body") is a court request to a man or organization holding somebody in authority, (for example, a superintendent) to convey the detained individual to the court issuing the request and to demonstrate a substantial explanation behind that individual's confinement.  

Some of the time, particularly where there are debated certainties, the court may hold an evidentiary hearing before decision on a writ of habeas corpus.

hygrometers and hair thermometers (often found as part of hygrometers/psychrometers) can be used to measure humidity. barometers are used to measure atmospheric pressure, while anemometers are used to measure wind speed. so the 2nd and 4th choices should be the correct answers.