Caesar beccaria, in the 1700s, was one of the first scholars to develop a systematic understanding of why people commit crime. beccaria believed in the concept of the idea that people want to achieve pleasure and avoid pain.

utilitarianism

beccaria believed in the concept of utilitarianism, the idea that people want to achieve pleasure and avoid pain. As humans, beccaria believed, we tend to want things and do stuff that make us feel good or deliver pleasure. On the contrary we tend to avoid thing that provoke pain and suffer. So, people commit crimes because they want an easy, painless and without suffer existence, when often this is not possible.

well i'm late but i think its: b, c, and e