Describe the two ideal types of societies based on the structure of social relationships and the degree of shared values among societal members that german sociologist ferdinand tonnies distinguished.

Ferdinand Tonnies (1855-1936) was a German sociologist that has become relevant in the field for distinguishing the terms "community" and "society" and considering them as opposites.

A community arises spontaneously and is the manifestation of the common desire of its members. No institutions are involved and the connections between individuals are deeply rooted and emerge due to unconscious emotions such as leadership, authority or loyalty.

On the other hand, a society is constructed intentionally, based on reflexive processes, on intelectual freedom, and on the interests of certain groups and individuals. Laws and contracts rule interactions, hence there is institutional intervention.

The two ideal types of societies based on the structure of social relationships and the degree of shared values among societal members that German sociologist Ferdinand Tonnies distinguished is community and society.

- "ethical issues. deception – the participants actually believed they were shocking a real person and were unaware the learner was a confederate of milgram's. however, milgram argued that “illusion is used when necessary in order to set the stage for the revelation of certain difficult-to-get-at-truths.” "

- "milgram's work was conducted in the early 1960s before the current.the studies ignited a debate about the ethical treatment of participants. what appear to be dangerous, if not deadly, electric shocks and the by today's ethical standards, many questions about the research have gone unanswered."