Implicit memory is to explicit memory as is to automatic processing; effortful processing the spacing effect; the testing effect iconic memory; echoic memory short-term memory; long-term memory

Implicit memory is to explicit memory as "automatic processing" is to "effortful processing".

Explicit memory is a memory that can be deliberately and intentionally reviewed. This is your memory of riding a bicycle, of falling over the handlebars and cleaning your knee. The other is implicit memory, which is an experiential or utilitarian type of memory that can't be deliberately reviewed. This is your memory of how to ride a bicycle or how to adjust. These are frequently not attached to a visual memory but rather are more similar to muscle memory.

absolute poverty the condition of having too little income to buy the necessities-- food, shelter, clothing, health care.

achieved status a social position (status) obtained through an individual's own talents and efforts.

affirmative action the requirement that employers make special efforts to recruits hire and promote qualified members of previously excluded groups including women and minorities.

aggregate a collection of unrelated people who do not know one another but who may occupy a common space--for example, a crowd of people crossing a city street.

agrarian societies societies in which large scale cultivation using plows and draft animals is the primary means of subsistence.

alienation the separation or estrangement of individuals from themselves and from others.

amalgamation the biological as well as cultural assimilation (merging) of racial or ethnic groups.

anomalies in science observations or problems that cannot be explained or solved in terms of a prevailing paradigm.

anomie a breakdown or confusion in the norms, values, and culture of a group or a society. a condition of relative normlessness.

anomie theory the theory suggesting that deviance and crime occur when there is an acute gap between cultural norms and goals and the socially structured opportunities for individuals to achieve those goals.

anticipatory socialization the process of taking on the attitudes values and behaviors of a status or role one expects to occupy in the future.

apartheid the recent policy of racial separation in south africa enforced by leg

explanation:

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