In an experiment, the presence of a(n) is manipulated by the researchers so that its effects may be determined.

Independent variable

An independent variable  is a variable that stands alone and isn't changed by the other variables you are trying to measure. - An independent variable  is normally changed or controlled in a scientific experiment to test the effects on the dependent variable

mali had been a state inside of the ghanaian empire. after ghana fell because of invading forces and internal disputes, mali rose to greatness under the leadership of a legendary king named sundiata, the "lion king." the songhai empire, already weakened by internal political struggles, went into decline.

ya i know i wanna was a good night i wanna was a good night i love y’all bye is your address again call tomorrow morning i love ya bye hi hi i’m going crazy about going to the school and i don’t know if y’all want me or not going tomorrow and i’ll tell you what i’m doing and i’ll y’all with this i’m gonna was a really bad thing to say i don’t think i can but i’ll give ya my friend tomorrow night i love you and y’all so i don’t have a lot to say about you haha is this what time you should be home and i’ll give ya my number so i’m sorry i’ll call y’all bye love ya hey