Is an arabic term that means "successor" and identifies a political ruler in early arab muslim empires.

The correct answer in Caliphate. A caliphate is a state which is under the leadership of the Islamic steward by which the person is called to be or considered as someone who is a successor in their religion to the Islamic prophet, Muhammad.

productive most commonly means: achieving or producing a significant amount or result.

explanation:

productive can also mean:

these depend on how the word productive is used. most likely productive will mean   achieving or producing a significant amount or result.

answer; protectionism fosters competition and keeps price regulated;