If x and y are positive integers and 4(2^x)=2^y what is x in terms of y

The authors use the word “backbone” in lines 3 and 39 to indicate that

Which object has the least amount of kinetic energy? a. a car driving down a road b. a soccer ball rolling down a hill c. a bicycle locked to a bike rack d. a satellite orbiting earth

Adult wasps sting caterpillars and inject their eggs into the caterpillars. the larvae feed on the caterpillars, leading to the death of the caterpillars. what kind of a relationship exists between the wasps and the caterpillars? a. the adult wasps are parasites to the caterpillars. b. the caterpillars are parasites to the wasps. c. the adult wasps are commensals, and the caterpillars are hosts. d. the caterpillars are commensals, and the adult wasps are hosts.