What is a wave called that moves up and down

Complete the sentence to describe how light behaves as it relates to its nature (waves or particles). light travels as blank and interacts with matter as blank

A20 cm long spring is attached to a wall. the spring stretches to a length of 22 cm when you pull on it with a force of 100 n. what is the spring constant

An owl dives toward the ground with a constant velocity of 4.40 m/s at 53.0° below the horizontal. the sun is directly overhead and casts a shadow of the owl directly below it. what is the speed (in m/s) of its shadow on level ground?