Convection currents occur in fluids because of temperature differences. convection currents transfer energy throughout a fluid. they continue until all of the fluid is at the same temperature

Solution: (i) Density (ii) thermal

Liquids at lower temperatures have greater density when compared to liquids at higher temperatures.This is because, at higher temperatures, molecules have greater kinetic energy and hence they are spaced farther apart, when compared to molecules at lower temperatures. Thus, the colder layers of liquids are heavier than the warmer layers, which causes then to move down due to gravity. For the same reason, the hotter layers move upwards through the liquid.

When a liquid is heated, the molecules closest to the heat source have greater energy, their density becomes less and they move upwards. The colder layers sink downwards. The layers of the liquid which were cold initially, get heated and they travel upwards. As the process repeats, convection currents are set up in the liquid.

These currents transfer the thermal energy derived from the source throughout the liquid. The process stops when the entire liquid is at the same temperature.

Thus, convection currents occur in liquids due to temperature and density differences. Convection currents transfer thermal energy throughout a fluid.

Convection currents occur in fluids because of temperature and density differences. Convection currents transfer thermal energy throughout a fluid. They continue until all of the fluid is at the same temperature.

As we know about the relationship between kinetic energy and density. Density is inversely proportional to the temperature while the temperature is directly proportional to kinetic energy showing that kinetic energy is inversely proportional to density.

This is because, at higher temperatures, molecules have greater kinetic energy and the colder layer has less density than the hotter layer due to the density difference under the influence of density the colder layer moves downward resulting in the setup of convective heat transfer.

Due to the movement of molecules and its process repetition and temperature difference convective current transfer takes place and it will continue until the equilibrium process is not achieved.

Hence it shows the relationship between temperature and density. density is inversely proportional to the temperature.

To learn more about convective heat transfer refer to the link

link

d. platinum would have the greatest temperature increase because it has the lowest specific heat.