A0.450-kg hammer is moving horizontally at 7.00 m/s when it strikes a nail and comes to rest after driving the nail 1.00 cm into a board. (a) calculate the duration of the impact. (b) what was the average force exerted on the nail?

(a) The hammer moves at a speed of , covering a distance of . Since it is a uniform motion, the time is given by


(b) first of all, let's calculate the acceleration. The hammer's speed changes from 7 m/s to 0, so . The time interval is the one calculate at step (a), so the acceleration is

where the negative sign means it is a deceleration.

Finally we can find the force by using Newton's second law. We are interested only in its magnitude, so we can neglect the negative sign. We have:

1) when you rub your hands together quickly, the kinetic energy is converted to mechanical energy.2) thermal energy from the sun travels to earth as infrared waves.3) energy is transferred through the matter of space by electromagnetic waves. 4) when a match is burned, chemical potential energy is converted to thermal and radiant energy. 5) seismicwaves are caused by back and forth movement , or vibration, of an object. 6) mechanicalenergy in an engine changes thermal energy into kinetic energy to make a car move.

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