The direction of swing of a foucault pendulum appears to change due to earth’s

French Physicist Leon Foucault introduced his pendulum in 1851.
By that time, it was generally accepted that the Earth rotates, but
Foucault's pendulum was the first simple demonstration that made
the Earth's rotation easy to prove.

the best answer for these questions would be:

1.            c. is smaller

2.            d) concrete operational

3.            b) interaction with the environment – the children interact with their environment can them learn more.

4.            a) parents who reason openly with children can limit a child’s cognitive ability.

I'm pretty sure the answer is c