Elements in the same vertical column share similar chemical properties. which statement best explains this? a. they have the same number of neutrons in their nucleus. b. they have similar physical qualities. c. they have identical numbers of electrons in the outermost level. d. they were discovered in the same location.

Two kilograms of air within a piston–cylinder assembly executes a carnot power cycle with maximum and minimum temperatures of 800 k and 300 k, respectively. the heat transfer to the air during the isothermal expansion is 60 kj. at the end of the isothermal expansion the volume is 0.4 m3. assume the ideal gas model for the air. determine the thermal efficiency, the volume at the beginning of the isothermal expansion, in m3, and the work during the adiabatic expansion, in kj.