What is the relationship between sentence length and comprehension?

Comprehensive explanation usually require more sentence length.
To do comprehensive explanations, we need to add additional key information for every point in the subjects, to extend reader's understanding regarding that subject. This will result in longer sentence that will exist within a page

The horse latitudes-high-pressure zones about 30 degrees north and 30 degrees south of the equator.-warm air traveling away from the equator cools and sinks-weather tends to be clear and drythe doldrums-low-pressure near equator-air rises and spreads out toward the poles-rising moist air produces clouds and heavy rainthe westerlies-blow from the west-move from the horse latitudes toward the poles.-bring storms across much of the united statesthe tradewinds-blow from the east-move from the horse latitudes toward the equator  -strong, steady winds

The charge of an ion with 55 protons and 52 electrons is +3. the reason is because protons are positive, and there are three more than the amount of negative electrons.