For vacuum-conductor interface, the reflection coefficient expression

In the image, the arrow is pointing to a celestial object. which attribute disqualifies the object from being a planet?

Why is it important always to use horizontal bars in unit fractions when performing unit conversions?

Uppose we consider the system of the three capacitors as a single "equivalent" capacitor. given the charges of the three individual capacitors calculated in the previous part, find the total charge qtot for this equivalent capacitor. express your answer in terms of v and c.