The atmosphere exerts a force (pressure) on Earth. Why does the atmosphere exert pressure on Earth?

As you are trying to move a heavy box of mass m, you realize that it is too heavy for you to lift by yourself. there is no one around to , so you attach an ideal pulley to the box and a massless rope to the ceiling, which you wrap around the pulley. you pull up on the rope to lift the box. use g for the magnitude of the acceleration due to gravity and neglect friction forces. once you have pulled hard enough to start the box moving upward, what is the magnitude f of the upward force you must apply to the rope to start raising the box with constant velocity? express the magnitude of the force in terms of m, the mass of the box.

The electric field between square plates of a parallel-plate capacitor has magnitude e. the potential across the plates is maintained with constant voltage by a battery as they are pulled apart to twice their original separation, which is small compared to the dimensions of the plates. the magnitude of the electric field between the plates is now equal to a)e b)e/4 c)e/2 d)4e e)2e

Uppose we consider the system of the three capacitors as a single "equivalent" capacitor. given the charges of the three individual capacitors calculated in the previous part, find the total charge qtot for this equivalent capacitor. express your answer in terms of v and c.