I cant seem to figure out question 2, I would appreciate anyone answering it

Which principle states: "geologic processes taking place on earth today operated similarly in the past and can be used to explain past geologic events"? a. lateral continuity

How is it possible that phylogenies based on sequences from nuclear genomes and organellar genomes (i.e., chloroplasts and mitochondria) from the same group of species yield phylogenetic trees with different branching orders?   answer :   the genome of the endosymbiont is more closely related to members of the group in which it originally evolved, while the nuclear genome of the engulfing organism has its own evolutionary trajectory.