the downward force due to water on a diver under water is about one thousand newtons. why this force is not pushing him down?

Electoral current force mechanical advantage if the wheel and axle is 2 n and the output force is 20 n

stands for electromotive force and it is measured in volts. despite its name, it is not actually the force in the sense of being a "pushing" or "pulling" (not measured in newtons).an equation that relates emf,  ℰ,  to a battery's terminal voltage, v, current, i, and internal resistance, r, is    ℰ = v + irin this case, the emf can be interpreted as a voltage—a difference in electric potential.i would not say that it would be considered an energy. if emf can be defined as the energy/work per a unit charge from a battery or other electric source, then it is not strictly energy.

If its history of, then b) because a) implies only present day (now)

Dis the best answer im sure it is it has to be im positive